AdventOfCode2024/src/RaceCondition.cpp

118 lines
3.8 KiB
C++

// Solutions to the Advent Of Code 2024.
// Copyright (C) 2025 Stefan Müller
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
// the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software
// Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later
// version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
// ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS
// FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
// this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
#include <aoc/RaceCondition.hpp>
RaceCondition::RaceCondition(const int threshold)
: threshold_{ threshold }
{
}
const std::string RaceCondition::getPuzzleName() const
{
return "Race Condition";
}
const int RaceCondition::getPuzzleDay() const
{
return 20;
}
void RaceCondition::finish()
{
// Vector of positions that form the path. The index of an element is also the time at which the position is passed.
std::vector<Point2> path{};
path.reserve(static_cast<size_t>(threshold_) * 2);
path.push_back(findChar(getStartChar()));
bool isMoving{ true };
while (isMoving)
{
// Checks if there is a cheat leading to the current position.
checkCheat(path);
// Progresses the race path.
isMoving = tryFindNextPathPosition(path);
}
}
constexpr char RaceCondition::getStartChar()
{
return 'S';
}
constexpr char RaceCondition::getWallChar()
{
return '#';
}
constexpr int RaceCondition::getPart1CheatLength()
{
return 2;
}
constexpr int RaceCondition::getPart2CheatLength()
{
return 20;
}
bool RaceCondition::tryFindNextPathPosition(std::vector<Point2>& path)
{
auto previous = path.size() <= 1 ? Point2{ -1, -1 } : path[path.size() - 2];
for (const auto& direction : Point2::cardinalDirections)
{
auto next = path.back() + direction;
if (next != previous && getCharAt(next) != getWallChar())
{
path.push_back(next);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
void RaceCondition::checkCheat(const std::vector<Point2>& path)
{
// Checks previously encountered path positions that are at least the threshold away from the current position in
// reverse order for valid cheat opportunities.
int64_t i{ static_cast<int64_t>(path.size()) - threshold_ - 2 };
while (i >= 0)
{
int64_t distance{ path.back().calcManhattanDistance(path[i]) };
// Checks if the time saved by the cheat reaches at least the threshold, and if the cheat is not longer than
// permitted. The permitted cheat time is longer for part 2 than for part 1.
int64_t thresholdMinusTimeSaved{ threshold_ - static_cast<int64_t>(path.size()) + i + distance };
int64_t cheatLengthDiff{ distance - getPart2CheatLength() };
if (thresholdMinusTimeSaved < 0 && cheatLengthDiff <= 0)
{
part2++;
if (distance <= getPart1CheatLength())
{
part1++;
}
i--;
}
else
{
// Backtracks the path as much as possible for the next potential position. This is possible because we know
// that the 'distance' between 'path.back()' and 'path[i]' cannot change by more than the change of 'i',
// since the positions in 'path' are contiguous. In other words, from this iteration to the next, both
// 'cheatLengthDiff' and 'thresholdMinusTimeSaved / 2' cannot change more than 'i'. We use this to skip the
// positions that cannot fulfill the condition above.
i -= std::max<int64_t>(std::max(thresholdMinusTimeSaved >> 1, cheatLengthDiff), 1);
}
}
}